Invasive Acantholytic Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A Rare Case.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a spectrum of intraepithelial and invasive neoplastic lesions of the conjunctiva and cornea. OSSN is a rare but potentially sight-threatening ocular malignancy that can be challenging to diagnose due to its clinical and histopathological resemblance to benign ocular surface lesions. However, OSSN can lead to significant ocular and systemic morbidity, including vision loss and metastasis. Various risk factors have been identified, including ultraviolet radiation exposure, human papillomavirus infection, and immunosuppression. The histopathological analysis of the lesion is of utmost importance in diagnosing and further managing squamous cell carcinoma. The acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma is uncommon. Here, we present the case of a 69-year-old male who presented with an invasive mass of progressive growth on the left eyeball extending into the visual axis. The patient underwent extended enucleation, and a histopathological analysis demonstrated a rare acantholytic variant of squamous cell carcinoma.

Isolated Medial Rectus Palsy in a Patient After Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty.

Diplopia, a very common ophthalmic complaint, is a potential first sign of severe pathology. Here, we present a case of an atypical midbrain infarction targeting the lateral subnucleus of the oculomotor nuclear complex that manifested as diplopia with no additional symptoms of a stroke episode. Axial diffusion-weighted and coronal T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed an infarct in the rostral midbrain affecting the subnucleus of the medial rectus located ventrally. Diffusion-weighted imaging was used to diagnose the medial rectus nucleus infarct.

Post-Fever Retinitis.

A 34-year-old male presented with a gradual, painless decrease in distant vision in the left more than the right in the past 15 days. He had a history of an episode of fever seven days prior to ocular symptoms and had been treated with oral Cefixime and antipyretics. On detailed fundus examination, both eyes showed creamy white superficial lesions with ill-defined margins, suggestive of retinitis, with a few hemorrhages along the inferior arcade associated with sheathing of vessels and telangiectatic vessels near the lesion. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of both eyes in the venous phase depicted blocked fluorescence at the site of retinitis lesions with hyperfluorescence at their borders. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of both eyes showed inner retinal layer hyper-reflectivity with neurosensory detachment (NSD) with hyper-reflective deposits in it and dilated choroidal vessels. The diagnosis of both eyes' post-fever retinitis (PFR) was made, and he was investigated for complete blood count, peripheral smear, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and HIV Tridot test, which were normal. He was treated with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (2 mg/0.05 ml) in both eyes.

An Audit of Clinical Studies Involving Elderly Population Registered in Clinical Trials Registry of India.

CONTEXT: The elderly in India form a heterogeneous subset of the population with significant disease burden variations. However, there are no data available regarding the type of research studies conducted in an elderly population in India. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the research studies conducted in the elderly population in India based on data from the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was an "audit" of available data on the CTRI website. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Following exemption from the Institutional Ethics Committee, all studies in the elderly population registered in CTRI from its inception (July 2007 to August 2019) were reviewed. Data captured with respect to geographical distribution, study designs used, therapy area, trial registration, and funding. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16.0. RESULTS: Out of a total of 21,400 studies in CTRI, a total of 99 (0.46%) studies involved only elderly patients. Of these studies, 60 (60.6%) were interventional, whereas 39 (39.4%) were observational. Of all the interventional studies, 17 (28%) tested drugs, 26 (43%) tested a lifestyle intervention, and the rest were nutraceuticals, Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, and physiotherapy. Postgraduate theses constituted 60 (60.6%) studies. Eighty-seven (87.9%) were academic projects, eight (8.1%) were government-funded studies, and only four (4%) were pharmaceutical-sponsored studies. The most commonly studied therapy area was the central nervous system, followed by community medicine and orthopedics. CONCLUSIONS: This study depicts the underrepresentation of the geriatric population in clinical studies.